Summary

India is facing a growing obesity crisis, with over 35 crore people affected by abdominal obesity according to the ICMR-INDIAB study [1]. For many of these individuals, dietary changes and exercise alone are not enough to produce meaningful, sustained weight loss, particularly when underlying conditions such as type 2 diabetes, PCOS, or fatty liver disease are also present.

A new generation of medicines called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists has changed what is medically achievable for people living with obesity. These are not appetite suppressants in the traditional sense. They work with the body’s own hormonal system, and the clinical evidence behind them is substantial. This article covers seven of these medicines that are currently available in India, explaining how each one works, what the evidence shows, and what patients should realistically expect before they start.

Key Takeaways

• GLP-1 receptor agonists are the most clinically validated medicines for weight management currently available, with trial data showing 6% to 22.5% body weight reduction depending on the medicine and dose.
• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) activates two hormonal pathways and currently produces the greatest weight loss of any approved injectable medicine, including results that approach bariatric surgery outcomes in trials.
• Semaglutide is available in India under several brand names: Ozempic and Wegovy (imported), and Alterme, Hepaglide, and Livarise (Indian-manufactured), offering options at different price points.
• Rybelsus is the only oral GLP-1 option and is suited to patients who are not ready for injections, though its weight loss effect is more modest than the injectable forms.
• All seven medicines covered here are prescription-only in India and must be used under medical supervision alongside dietary changes and physical activity.
• Side effects are common in the early weeks of treatment. Nausea, constipation, and fatigue are the most frequently reported. Rarer but serious risks include gallstones, muscle loss with rapid weight reduction, and weight regain when treatment is stopped.
• Obesity is a chronic condition. Most clinical guidelines now support long-term treatment rather than short courses.

Introduction

India has one of the largest burdens of obesity and metabolic disease in the world. The ICMR-INDIAB study, one of the most comprehensive metabolic health surveys conducted in India, found that abdominal obesity affects approximately 35 crore Indians. Notably, this form of fat accumulation around the midsection carries significant metabolic risk even in people whose overall body weight appears within a normal range. It is a key driver of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and PCOS, all of which are highly prevalent in the Indian population.

For many people, sustained weight loss through diet and exercise alone is difficult, not because of a lack of effort, but because conditions like insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance actively work against it. Thus, medically supervised weight loss treatment, including weight loss medicines, becomes an important option.

Over the past decade, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists have changed the approach to obesity treatment. These medicines work with the body’s natural hormonal pathways to help regulate appetite, slow digestion, and in some cases improve blood sugar control at the same time. They are among the most clinically studied treatment options available in modern metabolic medicine, and several GLP-1 medicine options are now available to patients in India. 

This article explains what these medicines are, how they work, who may benefit from them, and what patients need to know before starting treatment.

What Are GLP-1 Medicines and How Do They Work?

GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone produced naturally in the small intestine after eating. It has three main roles: it signals the brain to reduce hunger, it slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach so you feel fuller for longer, and it prompts the pancreas to release insulin when blood sugar rises.

In people with obesity or type 2 diabetes, this hormonal response is often impaired or insufficient. GLP-1 receptor agonists are medicines that mimic this natural hormone, binding to the same receptors and amplifying these effects. Because they only stimulate insulin release when blood sugar is actually elevated, they carry a low risk of causing blood sugar to drop too low, which makes them safer in this regard than older diabetes medicines like sulphonylureas.

Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) activates both GLP-1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptors. GIP is another gut hormone involved in insulin response and fat metabolism. Acting on both pathways together may produce a stronger effect on appetite control and weight reduction, which helps explain why tirzepatide has shown greater weight-loss results in clinical studies compared with semaglutide-only medicines [2][8]. 

These medicines are not a replacement for lifestyle changes. Clinical guidelines consistently recommend them as an addition to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity, not as a substitute for these.

Who Should Consider Weight Loss Medicine?

Weight loss medicines are prescription treatments for people who meet specific clinical criteria. They are not intended for people who simply wish to lose a small amount of weight.

The standard clinical thresholds are:

• A BMI of 30 or above (classified as obesity), regardless of other health conditions.
• A BMI of 27 or above, alongside at least one weight-related condition such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, PCOS or PCOD, sleep apnea, or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
• Patients who have made a sustained effort to lose weight through lifestyle changes for at least six months without achieving adequate results.

Several health conditions are closely linked with excess body weight and may make weight loss medicine a more relevant treatment option, including: 

Obesity is now classified as a chronic metabolic disease. Hunger hormone dysregulation, altered fat metabolism, and insulin resistance all contribute to its persistence, which is why long-term medical management is often necessary.

Type 2 diabetes and excess body weight are closely linked. India has one of the highest rates of type 2 diabetes in the world, and several medicines in this guide address both conditions simultaneously, making them especially relevant for Indian patients.

PCOS and PCOD are strongly associated with insulin resistance, and GLP-1 medicines are increasingly used by endocrinologists and gynaecologists for women with these conditions when metformin alone has not been sufficient.

Sleep apnea is worsened by excess fat around the neck and upper airway. Weight loss can meaningfully reduce its severity, and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) has received approval for obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.

MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease), formerly called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is directly related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. It is widely underdiagnosed in India and is one of the key conditions for which semaglutide has shown specific benefit in clinical trials.

7 Weight Loss Medicines Available in India

1. Ozempic

Semaglutide 1mg | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Novo Nordisk | Once weekly injection

Ozempic contains semaglutide and was originally licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is now one of the most prescribed medicines in this class worldwide, partly because it produces meaningful weight loss alongside improved blood sugar control, which makes it practically useful for the very common situation where a patient has both conditions at the same time.

Semaglutide reduces appetite by acting on hunger-signalling areas in the brain, slows the rate at which the stomach empties after meals, and stimulates insulin release from the pancreas only when blood sugar is elevated. This last point matters: unlike older diabetes medicines, it does not cause blood sugar to fall too low during fasting or between meals.

The SUSTAIN clinical trial programme [2] found average body weight reductions of 6 to 9% at the 1mg weekly dose in adults with type 2 diabetes, alongside significant reductions in HbA1c and cardiovascular risk markers. A head-to-head comparison with tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-5) [3] found that average weight loss with semaglutide was 13.7% compared to 20.2% with tirzepatide, which illustrates how the two medicines differ in their degree of effect.

Ozempic is given as a once-weekly injection under the skin, in the belly, thigh, or upper arm. The pre-filled pen delivers the dose automatically without the need to draw up medicine, making it manageable even for patients who have not used injections before. In India, it is an imported product and tends to sit at a higher price point than domestically manufactured semaglutide options. Patients for whom cost is a consideration may want to ask their doctor about Indian-branded alternatives like Alterme or Livarise, which contain the same active ingredient.

2. Mounjaro

Tirzepatide 5mg | Dual GIP + GLP-1 receptor agonist | Eli Lilly | Once weekly injection

Mounjaro contains tirzepatide, which works differently from all the other medicines in this guide. While semaglutide activates GLP-1 receptors only, tirzepatide activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors simultaneously. GIP is a second gut hormone involved in fat storage and energy metabolism. Activating both pathways together produces a greater combined effect on appetite, digestion, and body weight than either one alone [7].

The clinical results reflect this. In the SURMOUNT-1 trial [3], adults with obesity who were given tirzepatide lost an average of 16% of their body weight at the 5mg dose, 21.4% at 10mg, and 22.5% at 15mg over 72 weeks, compared to 2.4% with placebo. The NHS describes these as weight loss levels previously only seen with bariatric surgery [8]. The head-to-head SURMOUNT-5 trial confirmed tirzepatide’s superiority over semaglutide directly, with tirzepatide producing 47% greater weight loss than semaglutide on average [3].

A 2025 study published in Diabetes Therapy [7] found that patients with type 2 diabetes starting tirzepatide lost an average of 10.2kg over 12 months in routine clinical practice, compared to 6.1kg with semaglutide.

Treatment starts at 2.5mg once weekly for four weeks, which allows the body to adjust and helps reduce the risk of nausea. The dose increases by 2.5mg every four weeks as tolerated, up to a maximum of 15mg. The 5mg vial represents an early maintenance or mid-titration dose for many patients.

Mounjaro is generally one of the more expensive treatment options among the medicines discussed in this guide. For people with significant obesity, or for those who have not achieved adequate results with semaglutide, it may offer meaningful benefits. The decision to start treatment should involve a discussion with your doctor, considering the expected benefits, treatment costs, and your individual health needs. 

3. Wegovy

Semaglutide 2.4mg (maintenance dose) | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Novo Nordisk | Once weekly injection

Wegovy contains semaglutide, the same active ingredient as Ozempic, but it carries a different approval and is prescribed at a higher maintenance dose. Ozempic is approved for type 2 diabetes and used at up to 1mg weekly. Wegovy is specifically approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity and is used at a maintenance dose of 2.4mg weekly. At this higher dose, the effect on appetite is more pronounced. Patients on Wegovy often report a noticeable reduction in food preoccupation, not just smaller portions at mealtimes.

The STEP 1 trial [4] showed that adults on semaglutide 2.4mg lost an average of 14.9% of their body weight over 68 weeks, compared to 2.4% with placebo. The NHS lists Wegovy as one of the approved weight management injections for adults with obesity who meet the eligibility criteria. [8] Wegovy has also received approval for reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with obesity and established heart disease, making it relevant for patients managing both weight and cardiac risk.

Dosing follows a gradual escalation schedule, starting at 0.25mg per week and increasing every four weeks up to the 2.4mg maintenance dose over approximately 16 to 20 weeks. The 1mg FlexTouch pen is used during one phase of this titration schedule. The pen has a push-button mechanism and automatic needle retraction, which many patients find significantly less daunting than a conventional syringe.

If your primary goal is weight loss and you do not have type 2 diabetes, Wegovy is typically the more appropriate semaglutide option compared to Ozempic. Your doctor will advise based on your complete medical history and current health status.

4. Alterme

Semaglutide 15mg | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Zydus Cadila | Injection via reusable cartridge pen

Alterme contains semaglutide and is manufactured in India by Zydus Cadila. It contains the same active ingredient as Ozempic and Wegovy and works through the same mechanism: reducing hunger, slowing digestion, and supporting blood sugar control. The practical difference is the delivery format and the cost. Alterme comes as a 3ml cartridge for a reusable injection pen, rather than a single-use pre-filled device. This makes it more affordable over the course of ongoing treatment, which matters for a medicine that is typically taken long-term.

The semaglutide evidence from the SUSTAIN [2] and STEP [4] programmes supports weight reductions of 6 to 15% of body weight depending on dose, alongside improvements in HbA1c and cardiovascular markers. These results apply across semaglutide formulations.

Alterme is commonly prescribed for adults in India managing type 2 diabetes with overweight or obesity, and for women with PCOS or PCOD where semaglutide therapy is indicated. The cartridge format is familiar to patients already using insulin pens and includes 10 fine-gauge needles. A compatible reusable pen is also available on PlatinumRx. Your doctor will determine the starting dose and monitoring schedule appropriate for your situation.

5. Hepaglide

Semaglutide 0.25mg | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Sun Pharma | Once weekly injection (initiation dose)

Hepaglide is semaglutide at the 0.25mg starting dose. This is the dose at which all patients begin semaglutide therapy, regardless of which brand they are using. At 0.25mg, the medicine is not yet working at its full weight loss potential. The purpose of this first phase, usually the first four weeks, is to allow the digestive system to adjust to the slowing of gut motility before the dose is increased. Starting here significantly reduces the risk of nausea, vomiting, and bloating, which are most common in the early weeks of GLP-1 therapy.

Hepaglide is also specifically relevant for patients with MASLD (formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). A Phase 2 trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine [5] found that 59% of patients treated with semaglutide achieved resolution of liver inflammation (NASH) compared to 17% with placebo. In India, fatty liver disease is common among adults with abdominal obesity and is frequently found on routine abdominal ultrasound. For these patients, semaglutide at the initiation dose is a clinically meaningful starting point for both liver health and weight management.

The pack includes everything needed for the first doses: a multi-dose disposable pen, 4 fine-gauge needles, and 4 alcohol swabs. No additional equipment is required to begin treatment.

6. Livarise

Semaglutide 15mg | GLP-1 receptor agonist | Lupin Ltd. | Injection via reusable cartridge pen

Livarise contains semaglutide and is manufactured by Lupin Ltd., one of India’s most established pharmaceutical companies. Like Alterme, it is a domestic alternative to imported semaglutide brands, formulated as a cartridge for a reusable pen. Both Alterme and Livarise contain semaglutide at the same strength. For most patients, the practical choice between them comes down to doctor preference, pharmacy availability, and brand familiarity rather than any clinical difference.

Livarise is particularly suited to patients who are already established on semaglutide therapy and need a consistent ongoing supply. The 3ml cartridge with 10 needles provides several weeks of treatment per pack, depending on the dose, making it a practical and cost-effective option for the long-term, continuous use required by chronic obesity management.

The clinical evidence for semaglutide from the SUSTAIN [2] and STEP 1 [4] trials, including weight reductions of 6 to 15% and improvements in blood sugar and blood pressure, applies to Livarise as a semaglutide formulation. It is well-suited to adults managing obesity alongside type 2 diabetes, PCOD, or MASLD as part of a doctor-supervised treatment plan.

7. Rybelsus

Semaglutide 3mg (oral) | GLP-1 receptor agonist (oral) | Novo Nordisk | Once daily tablet

Rybelsus contains semaglutide and is currently the only GLP-1 medicine available in tablet form. Unlike Ozempic and Wegovy, which are given as weekly injections, Rybelsus is taken once daily by mouth. This makes it a practical option for people who prefer tablets or are uncomfortable using injectable medicines.

It uses a specialised formulation that allows semaglutide to be absorbed through the stomach and enter the bloodstream. Once absorbed, it helps regulate appetite, slows stomach emptying, and supports blood sugar control. Because absorption through the digestive system is less efficient than injection, the weight-loss effect is generally more modest compared with injectable semaglutide treatments.

Findings from the PIONEER clinical trial programme [6] showed that adults with type 2 diabetes taking the 14 mg maintenance dose experienced an average weight reduction of approximately 4.4 kg over 26 weeks, along with meaningful improvements in HbA1c levels. Although these results are clinically important, they are generally lower than those observed with injectable semaglutide.

Rybelsus may be particularly relevant for adults with type 2 diabetes, people who prefer oral treatment, or those considering semaglutide but who are not ready to start injections. In India, where many people already manage several daily medicines, a tablet option may feel more convenient and familiar.

Correct administration is important because food and drinks can affect how much medicine is absorbed. The tablet should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, with no more than 120 mL of plain water, and no food, beverages, or other medicines should be taken for at least 30 minutes afterwards.

Treatment usually starts with 3 mg once daily for the first 30 days to help the body adjust. This starting dose is intended for tolerability and is generally followed by dose increases to 7 mg and later 14 mg, depending on treatment goals and your doctor’s recommendations.

How Do These 7 Medicines Compare?

With several weight loss medicines now available, understanding the key differences can help make the options feel less overwhelming. Here’s a simple comparison to help you better understand how these treatments differ and where they may fit into your health journey. 

Medicine	Active Ingredient	Drug Class	Manufacturer	How Taken	Primary Use	Reported Weight Loss
Ozempic	Semaglutide 1mg	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Novo Nordisk	Once-weekly injection	Type 2 diabetes	6 to 9% body weight [2]
Mounjaro	Tirzepatide 5mg	Dual GIP + GLP-1 agonist	Eli Lilly	Once-weekly injection	Type 2 diabetes; obesity	Up to 22.5% body weight [3]
Alterme	Semaglutide 15mg	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Zydus Cadila	Injection via cartridge pen	Type 2 diabetes; obesity	Consistent with semaglutide class [2]
Hepaglide	Semaglutide 0.25mg	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Sun Pharma	Once-weekly injection (starter dose)	Semaglutide initiation; MASLD	Starting dose; titrated upward [5]
Livarise	Semaglutide 15mg	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Lupin Ltd.	Injection via cartridge pen	Type 2 diabetes; obesity	Consistent with semaglutide class [2][4]
Wegovy	Semaglutide 2.4mg	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Novo Nordisk	Once-weekly injection	Chronic weight management	~14.9% body weight [4]
Rybelsus	Semaglutide 3mg (oral)	GLP-1 agonist (oral)	Novo Nordisk	Once-daily tablet	Type 2 diabetes	~4.4 kg over 26 weeks [6]

Am I someone who should avoid these medicines? 

Certain medical conditions and situations may make GLP-1 medicines unsuitable. Before starting treatment, tell your doctor if any of the following apply to you: 

• A personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
• Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2)
• A history of pancreatitis
• Pregnancy or plans for pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Severe gastroparesis or significant stomach-emptying problems

Your doctor will weigh the potential benefits and risks before recommending treatment.

What side effects should I realistically expect? 

Like any prescription treatment, GLP-1 medicines can cause side effects, particularly during the first few weeks of treatment or after a dose increase. Most improve as your body adjusts, but it helps to know what you may experience.

Common side effects include:

• Nausea: You may feel stomach discomfort, reduced appetite, or feel full after eating smaller amounts of food.
• Vomiting and diarrhoea: These symptoms can occur early in treatment and may increase your risk of dehydration.
• Constipation and bloating: Slower digestion can lead to fewer bowel movements, abdominal discomfort, or a feeling of fullness.
• Sulphur burps and digestive symptoms: Some people notice gas, bloating, or burps with an unpleasant sulphur-like smell.
• Dehydration: Symptoms such as dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, or dark urine may occur if fluid intake becomes too low.
• Fatigue: Lower energy levels can occur while your body adjusts to changes in appetite and food intake.
• Muscle loss risk: Rapid weight loss can sometimes reduce lean muscle mass along with body fat.
• Gallstones: Significant weight loss can increase the risk of gallbladder problems.
• Return of appetite after stopping treatment: Hunger and food cravings may gradually return after treatment is discontinued, which can contribute to weight regain.

Most side effects improve with time, but severe abdominal pain, ongoing vomiting, or symptoms that affect your daily routine should be discussed with your doctor.

A Quick Checklist for Your Weight Loss Journey

If you are considering a weight loss medicine, keeping a few practical points in mind can help you start treatment with clearer expectations and make informed decisions along the way.

✔ Know your health history: Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, PCOS or PCOD, thyroid disorders, kidney disease, liver disease, and digestive problems can affect treatment choices.

✔ Tell your doctor about all medicines you take: Include prescription medicines, over-the-counter products, vitamins, and supplements, as some medicines may interact with treatment or require timing adjustments.

✔ Set realistic expectations: Weight loss medicines support long-term health management and usually produce gradual results. The amount of weight loss and the speed of progress can vary from person to person.

✔ Be aware of possible side effects: Nausea, constipation, bloating, diarrhoea, and changes in appetite are common during the early stages of treatment.

✔ Keep up with follow-up appointments: Your doctor may advise monitoring body weight, blood sugar levels, treatment response, and side effects during treatment.

✔ Support treatment with healthy habits: Medicines generally work best alongside balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and sustainable lifestyle changes.

✔ Focus on overall health, not only the number on the scale: Improvements in blood sugar levels, energy, sleep quality, and overall metabolic health can also be meaningful signs of progress.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which is the best medicine for weight loss in India?

There is no single best medicine for weight loss that applies to every patient. Among the options available in India, semaglutide-based injectables (Ozempic, Wegovy, Hepaglide, Alterme, Livarise) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) have the strongest clinical evidence. For patients seeking the best weight loss medicine in India at an accessible price point, Indian-branded GLP-1 formulations like Alterme and Livarise are worth discussing with your doctor. The right choice depends on your BMI, comorbidities, injection preference, and the dose your doctor recommends.

2. Is weight loss medicine safe for long-term use?

GLP-1 receptor agonists have been studied in trials lasting up to five years, and longer-term real-world data continue to emerge. Current evidence suggests they are safe for long-term use in most patients, with a favourable profile compared to older weight loss drugs. However, long-term use should be guided and monitored by a doctor.

3. Can weight loss medicine be used for PCOS or PCOD?

Yes. GLP-1 receptor agonists are increasingly used in women with PCOS and PCOD, particularly those who also have insulin resistance and obesity. They can help with weight reduction, improvement in insulin sensitivity, and in some cases improvement in menstrual regularity. This is an area where clinical guidance is evolving, so speak with your gynaecologist or endocrinologist.

4. What is the difference between Ozempic and Wegovy?

Both Ozempic and Wegovy contain semaglutide and are administered as once-weekly injections. The key difference is the approved indication and the dose. Ozempic is approved for type 2 diabetes management and is used at up to 1mg per week. Wegovy is approved specifically for chronic weight management in obesity and uses a higher maintenance dose. If your primary goal is weight loss and you do not have type 2 diabetes, Wegovy may be the more appropriate option, though your doctor will advise based on your full medical history.

5. Are GLP-1 injections available without a prescription in India?

No. GLP-1 receptor agonists are Schedule H prescription medicines in India. They can only be dispensed with a valid prescription from a registered medical practitioner. Always source these medicines from a licensed pharmacy or a verified online pharmacy platform.

6. How long does it take to see results from weight loss medicine?

Most patients using GLP-1 injectables begin to notice a reduction in appetite within the first two to four weeks. Measurable weight loss typically becomes evident after four to eight weeks of consistent use. Peak weight loss is usually observed over six to twelve months of continued treatment. Results vary based on the specific medicine, dose, dietary habits, and individual metabolic response.

The Bottom Line

Weight loss medicines have changed the way obesity is managed, particularly for people living with conditions such as type 2 diabetes, PCOS, sleep apnea, or metabolic liver disease, where excess weight can affect long-term health. Modern weight loss medicine options, especially GLP-1 medicines such as semaglutide-based treatments and tirzepatide, do more than reduce appetite. They work through hormonal pathways that help regulate hunger, fullness, and metabolic function.

There is no single best medicine for weight loss that works for everyone. The right treatment depends on several factors, including your BMI, existing health conditions, treatment goals, and how your body responds over time. If you have searched for a weight loss medicine name, explored different GLP-1 medicine options, or wondered about the best weight loss medicine in India, it is important to remember that treatment decisions are highly individual and should be guided by medical advice rather than trends or popularity.

These medicines are not a quick fix and they do not replace healthy habits. Research consistently shows that the most meaningful and sustainable results happen when treatment is combined with dietary changes, regular physical activity, and ongoing medical follow-up. If lifestyle changes alone have not led to meaningful progress, speaking with your doctor can help determine whether medically supervised treatment may be an appropriate next step for your health needs.

If your doctor has already recommended a weight loss medicine and you are looking for a trusted source, PlatinumRx stocks all of the medicines covered in this article with genuine products and doorstep delivery across India.

References

1. Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Tandon N, Das AK, et al. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: The ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11:474–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00119-5
2. Sorli C, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6099440/
3. Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
4. Wilding JPH, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
5. Newsome PN, et al. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2028395
6. Aroda VR, et al. PIONEER 1: Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide. Diabetes Care. 2019. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/42/9/1724/36289/PIONEER-1-Randomized-Clinical-Trial-of-the
7. Hoog MM, et al. Real-World Effectiveness of Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide on HbA1c and Weight in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12579026/
8. NHS. Obesity: Treatment. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/treatment/