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Phenytoin

Uses

Phenytoin is used in the treatment of epilepsy, seizures, mania, migraine, and trigeminal neuralgia.

How it Works

How Phenytoin Works Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication that controls seizures by reducing the abnormal and excessive activity of nerve cells in the brain.

Expert Advice

  • Take your medication regularly as directed by your doctor; missing doses can trigger seizures.
  • Do not change the brand of your medicine and ensure you have a sufficient supply of medication.
  • Some healthy tips to prevent seizures:
    • Practice yoga every day.
    • Get enough sleep at night.
    • Limit screen time, such as mobile and laptop use.
    • Take your medication on time.
  • Be aware that the medication may cause dizziness and sleepiness.
  • Do not drive or engage in activities requiring mental focus until you understand how the medication affects you.
  • The medication may increase blood sugar levels; inform your doctor if you are taking any medications for diabetes.
  • It may cause swollen gums (gum hypertrophy); therefore, maintain good oral and dental hygiene.
  • Consult your doctor if you notice sudden mood changes or develop suicidal thoughts.
  • Do not stop taking the medication suddenly without consulting your doctor, as it may increase seizure frequency.
  • Phenytoin aids in the treatment and prevention of seizures; take it at the same time every day to maintain consistent levels in your body.
  • Be aware that Phenytoin may cause dizziness and sleepiness.
  • Avoid consuming alcohol while taking Phenytoin, as it may lead to excessive sleepiness or drowsiness.
  • Monitor your weight during treatment, as this medication can cause weight gain.
  • Inform your doctor of any unusual changes in mood or behavior, including new or worsening depression, or suicidal thoughts or behavior.
  • Do not take Phenytoin if you are pregnant, planning to conceive, or breastfeeding.
  • Be mindful that the medication may increase the risk of low sodium levels in the blood.
  • Inform your doctor if you experience difficulty concentrating, memory problems, confusion, weakness, or unsteadiness.

Other Combinations

Fosphenytoin

Phenobarbitone + Phenytoin

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Frequently asked questions

Who should avoid Phenytoin?
Phenytoin should be avoided by individuals with liver disease or a history of liver problems related to the drug. It should also not be taken with Delavirdine, as it can reduce its effectiveness against HIV. Inform your doctor of any existing heart conditions before starting Phenytoin.
Can Phenytoin cause drowsiness?
Phenytoin may cause sedation, drowsiness, or sleepiness. If you experience significant drowsiness, especially in the initial weeks or after a dose increase, consult your doctor. You may need to avoid driving or operating machinery until your response is assessed.
Does Phenytoin cause weight gain?
Phenytoin is not known to cause weight gain; however, long-term use at higher doses may result in weight loss. Consult your doctor if you experience unexpected weight gain while on Phenytoin.
How long does Phenytoin remain in the body?
Phenytoin typically stays in your system for 5-6 days, but this can vary between individuals, with some experiencing effects for up to 9-10 days.
Is it safe to take Phenytoin with ibuprofen?
Phenytoin can generally be taken with ibuprofen, as no significant drug interactions have been reported. However, consult your doctor before combining these medications.
What are the effects of Phenytoin on children?
Common side effects of Phenytoin in children include eye jerking (nystagmus) and gum overgrowth. It may also affect thinking, behavior, mood, and cause clumsiness or fatigue. High doses can lead to unsteadiness, sleepiness, and vomiting, but these effects may be mitigated by slowly increasing the dose.
Does Phenytoin affect the effectiveness of birth control?
Phenytoin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, making them less reliable. Discuss with your doctor if you are taking both, as additional contraceptive measures may be necessary.
What are the consequences of abruptly stopping Phenytoin?
Discontinuing Phenytoin suddenly can lead to life-threatening seizures (status epilepticus). Always consult your doctor before stopping; they may gradually reduce your dose.
What are the symptoms of a Phenytoin overdose? Can it be fatal?
Phenytoin overdose can cause symptoms such as eye jerking (nystagmus), slurred speech, loss of balance, tremors, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, fainting, blurred vision, slow breathing, and potentially coma. Severe overdose may lead to dangerously low blood pressure and respiratory issues, which can be fatal.
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