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Hydroxyurea

Uses

Hydroxyurea is used in the treatment of head and neck cancer as well as sickle cell anemia.

How it Works

How Hydroxyurea works In cancer, Hydroxyurea functions by inhibiting an enzyme called ribonucleotide reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis. This action prevents cancer cells from growing and multiplying. In sickle cell disease, it increases fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in red blood cells (RBCs). This increase helps the RBCs maintain a normal shape, improves blood flow, and protects against complications such as painful sickle cell episodes.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Hydroxyurea include skin cancer, azoospermia (absence of sperm), decreased appetite, fever, oligospermia (low sperm count), bone marrow suppression, hallucinations, convulsions, peripheral neuropathy (tingling and numbness in the feet and hands), pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, pancreatic inflammation, liver toxicity, cutaneous vasculitis, and increased uric acid levels in the blood.

Expert Advice

  • Take it at the same time every day, either with or without food.
  • It is advisable to stay hydrated and drink plenty of fluids while taking Hydroxyurea.
  • Do not skip any doses and complete the course as recommended by your doctor.
  • Use an effective method of birth control to avoid pregnancy while taking this medication.
  • Your doctor may perform regular blood tests to monitor your electrolyte levels, liver function, and blood cell count.

Other Combinations

Frequently asked questions

Yes, Hydroxyurea can lead to brittle hair, patchy hair loss, or thinning. These effects usually resolve after stopping the treatment. Handle your hair gently while brushing and washing to minimize loss.
Hydroxyurea may harm a developing baby, so it is crucial to avoid pregnancy during treatment and for at least 6 months afterward. Discuss effective contraception options with your doctor before starting treatment.
To relieve constipation, increase fiber intake through fruits and vegetables, drink 8-10 glasses of fluids daily, and stay active. A stool softener may be prescribed by your doctor. If you haven't had a bowel movement in 2-3 days, consult your doctor.
Consuming food items rich in soluble fiber, such as ripe bananas, oranges, boiled potatoes, white rice, curd, and oatmeal, can help absorb excess fluid and relieve diarrhea. To prevent dehydration, drink 8-10 glasses of water daily, and consider soups and juices for additional hydration.
You can maintain your normal diet unless advised otherwise by your doctor. It is recommended to sip water regularly to prevent dehydration, eat small, nourishing snacks throughout the day instead of large meals, and consider hard candy or popsicles to help with nausea.
To alleviate rashes and dry, itchy skin, use a moisturizer, avoid direct sunlight, wear protective clothing, and apply sunscreen (SPF over 15) when outdoors. Avoid swimming with rashes, hot water baths, and opt for loose, cotton clothing. Skin conditions typically improve after treatment ends.
Gentle exercise may help reduce tiredness. Always consult your doctor before starting any exercise regimen.
Hydroxyurea can lower white blood cell and platelet counts, increasing infection risk. Avoid contact with sick individuals, and consult your doctor immediately if you suspect an infection or experience fever or chills.
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