Vaginal discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge is marked by a change in color, consistency, volume, and/or odor. Other symptoms that might accompany abnormal vaginal discharge include:

• Itching or irritation in the vaginal area
• Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
• Redness around the vaginal opening
• Strong foul smell from discharge
• Burning sensation or pain while urinating
• Spotting after sexual intercourse
• Pain during or after sexual intercourse
• Flu-like symptoms including headache and fever
• Fatigue or tiredness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Lower back pain

Constipation

1. Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a common bacterial infection that occurs when the balance of bacteria in the vagina is altered. It can cause a grayish discharge accompanied by an intense fishy odor. Additional symptoms may include itching, redness, and swelling of the entire vaginal area.

Women who have multiple sexual partners or those who use a contraceptive intrauterine device, such as copper-T, are at a higher risk of developing bacterial vaginosis.

2. Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Candidiasis is a vaginal infection caused by the yeast known as Candida. It is commonly seen in women taking contraceptive pills, certain antibiotics, or those with conditions such as diabetes and weakened immunity. The main symptoms include intense itching and a thick white discharge resembling cottage cheese.

3. Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infection caused by the protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis. It can lead to a greenish-yellow, sometimes frothy, discharge and pain during urination. This infection is typically transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse.

4. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are sexually transmitted infections that can produce abnormal discharges by affecting the cervix. Symptoms may include greenish or cloudy discharge, bleeding during or after sex, and abdominal pain.

Safeguard yourself from STDs by using the appropriate protection. Shop from our wide range of contraceptives.

Explore Here

1. Non-infectious Causes

• Puberty
• Menstrual cycle
• Ovulation
• Sexual arousal
• Pregnancy
• Menopause
• Contraceptive device or birth control pills

2. Infectious Causes

• Poor feminine hygiene, such as not changing pads or tampons regularly
• Douching and use of chemical or perfumed soaps
• Weakened immune system
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Certain medications, including steroids or antibiotics
• Unprotected sex with an infected partner
• History of STDs, including gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis
• Use of public or unclean toilets
• Low socio-economic status

Not every vaginal discharge is alarming, but if you experience any unusual discharge marked by changes in color, consistency, volume, and/or odor, see a doctor as a priority. Diagnosis includes:

1. Medical history
   Your doctor may ask you about your medical history, including the medications you've been taking during the past few weeks. The doctor will also discuss your symptoms, their severity, and the duration of the symptoms.
2. Physical examination
   Your doctor will perform a pelvic exam to assess the type of vaginal discharge. A sample of the discharge may be taken for relevant testing.
3. Laboratory tests
   
   • Examination of vaginal fluid: The vaginal discharge is placed under a microscope to determine the type of bacteria, yeast, or protozoa causing the vaginal infection. Identifying the cause helps the doctor prescribe targeted treatment.
   • Absolute leukocyte count: Also known as WBC count, this test examines the vaginal fluid for white blood cells (WBCs), which are indicators of infection.
   • Genital PAP smear: Your doctor may perform a Pap smear by taking a sample of cells from the cervix. The sample is then sent to the lab to be examined under a microscope for any cell changes.
   • Molecular tests: Sometimes specific tests are required for diagnosing STDs that cause abnormal vaginal discharge. The standard test is the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which is generally used for diagnosing gonorrhea and chlamydia. This method detects and identifies the genetic materials of bacteria and other pathogens.

Want to learn more about Pap smear tests?
Click to read.

1. Maintain personal hygiene
   • Keep your private parts clean using lukewarm water.
   • Always pat the private parts dry after urinating using toilet paper or a soft cloth.
   • Wipe correctly by cleaning your private parts from front to back.
   • Avoid harsh soaps, scented feminine hygiene products, douching, and bubble baths as they can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria.
   • Make a habit of washing and drying your hands before touching the vaginal area.
2. Be mindful of your sanitary products
   • If prone to vaginal infections, avoid using scented tampons and menstrual cups; prefer sanitary pads and liners.
   • Change your pad every 3-4 hours during your period to maintain good hygiene and prevent odors.
   • Regularly change panty liners.
3. Pay attention to your clothing
   • Wear cotton or cotton-lined undergarments to absorb moisture and prevent sweat accumulation.
   • Opt for loose-fitting leggings, tights, and pants to promote airflow.
   • Avoid sitting in damp or sweaty clothing to reduce the risk of infections.
   • Change workout clothes immediately after exercising.
   • Use a good quality detergent with bactericidal and fungicidal properties for cleaning underwear.
4. Practice safe sex
   • Engage in safe sexual practices to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginal infections.
   • Always urinate and gently wash the area around your vagina after sexual activity.
5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
   • Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily to flush out toxins.
   • Consume a well-balanced diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and protein.
   • Limit sugar, processed, and packaged foods.
   • Exercise regularly and ensure adequate sleep.
   • Manage stress effectively.
   • Limit alcohol consumption.
   • Quit smoking.

Treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge depends on the severity of the symptoms, age, and other factors, such as the underlying causes. It may be caused by STDs; therefore, treating the causative agent is important to stop its recurrence. Management includes:

I. Medications

1. For Bacterial Infections

If bacterial vaginosis is causing vaginal discharge, the following antibiotics are usually prescribed for its management:

• Metronidazole
• Clindamycin
• Ceftriaxone
• Doxycycline
• Azithromycin
• Ofloxacin
• Gemifloxacin
• Gentamicin

2. For Fungal Infections

In case of vaginal yeast infections, antifungal medicines are prescribed, such as:

• Miconazole
• Terconazole
• Fluconazole

3. For Protozoa Infection

For protozoa infections, such as trichomoniasis, the doctor may prescribe drugs like:

• Tinidazole
• Metronidazole

Note: These medicines are available in the form of creams, ointments, or tablets. The doctor may instruct you on the route of administration of the medicine, which depends on the severity and duration of the abnormal vaginal discharge.

Ordering medicines has never been easier. Get medications delivered to your home with the ease of a click.

Click and Shop! Watch this video to understand the types of vaginal discharge, their prevention, and effective treatment.

The following home remedies help in improving the vaginal microbiome and can be an adjunct to conventional treatment:

• Lady Finger (Bhindi): Boil ladyfingers in water or use them as the main ingredient in soup. Soaking ladyfingers in yogurt, a natural probiotic, can inhibit the growth of bacteria in the vaginal area.
• Coriander seeds (Dhania): Soak a teaspoon of coriander seeds in water overnight and strain it the next morning. Drink this solution early in the morning on an empty stomach to help relieve vaginal discharge.
• Yogurt (Dahi): Rich in probiotics, incorporating yogurt into daily meals can improve the gut microbiome and help reduce vaginal infections.
• Basil (Tulsi): This herb has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. Prepare tulsi tea by boiling a few leaves in a glass of water. Drink this twice daily to help relieve symptoms of vaginal discharge.
• Indian gooseberry (Amla): Amla is rich in vitamin C and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic properties. Consuming amla or its juice enhances immunity. For treating vaginal discharge, take one teaspoon of amla powder with a glass of water once daily.
• Aloe vera: Known for its medicinal uses, aloe vera is useful for managing excessive discharge, itching, and burning sensations.
• Fenugreek (Methi): Consuming fenugreek seeds decoction or one teaspoon with a glass of water can help balance the pH level in the vagina.
• Cumin (Jeera): Cumin seeds decoction is beneficial for reducing itching and discharge.

Abnormal white discharge is a sign of vaginal infections. These vaginal infections can lead to several complications such as:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Vaginal infections caused by bacteria, yeast, viruses, or STDs can spread from the vagina to other reproductive organs, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. Symptoms of PID include chills, fatigue, fever, and abdominal pain. Complications may include:
• Dysmenorrhea (painful periods)
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Internal abscesses (collection of pus due to infection)
• Endometritis (inflammation and infection of the uterus)
• Ectopic pregnancy (attachment of the egg outside the uterus)
• Infertility: If left untreated for an extended period, abnormal discharge may negatively impact a woman's chances of becoming pregnant.

Alternative therapies can provide relief to a certain extent; however, always seek advice from your doctor before trying these. Some of the complementary therapies that have proven to be beneficial include:

• Essential oils: Essential oils like tea tree oil and lavender oil have antibacterial and antifungal effects and have shown promise in the management of vaginal discharge caused by yeast or fungi.
• Traditional Chinese medicine: A traditional Chinese medicine expert will prescribe Chinese oral medicines depending on the severity of the condition to correct the body’s imbalances. Studies have shown that TCM can be effective in treating excessive vaginal discharge or itching.

Explore our wide range of essential oils.

Click to Shop

Clear to white light yellow vaginal discharge is normal, but its color, texture, and quantity can differ from person to person depending on their age. However, consult your doctor if you feel that it's abnormal and you are experiencing heavy discharge frequently with changes in odor, color, and texture. Though abnormal vaginal discharge can be managed with medications depending on the cause, a few important points to keep in mind are:

• During heavy discharge, use panty liners as they are meant to be used during non-period days.
• Keep changing your pad at least every 4 to 8 hours during periods.
• Regular health checkups are important to evaluate the presence of any infection and ensure the female is receiving the right treatment to clear the infection.
• Hormonal changes due to puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can cause heavy vaginal discharges. Always inform or discuss any changes you experience while or before treatment with your doctor.
• A routine test to evaluate blood sugar levels is required in cases of yeast infection, as yeast overgrows in elevated sugar levels.

Watch our expert discuss vaginal discharge in detail.